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HH_健康資訊_54 Intraocular lens (IOL)- Lens Replacement After Cataracts

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2022.4.27
HH_健康資訊_14 Precautions before and after vaccination | COVID19

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2022.1.20
HH_健康資訊_13 How to treat corns? The most important thing is to do a good foot care!

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2021.2.19
HH_健康資訊_12 A sore throat may be a health warning from the body?

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2021.2.19
iStock-1207919718-web HPV DNA Genotyping Test

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2020.10.12
iStock-1220274561

Novel Coronavirus FAQs   *Availalbe in Chi Version Only

2020.7.15
boat-harbor-hong-kong-china-1_980x650_edit Travellers' Health Code

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2020.6.10
Father_Day_780x440 website Health Check for Fathers

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2020.6.10
780x440 Health Check for Mothers

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2020.5.7
HH_健康資訊_15 What is Occult Blood Test?

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2020.4.28
CH Coronavirus Test Result FAQs

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2020.4.9
HH_健康資訊_16 Testing for COVID-19

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2020.3.27
FB_Post_Cover_website 5 Tips for coronavirus prevention

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2020.3.13
HH_健康資訊_17 Novel Coronavirus Infection

Causative agent “Severe Respiratory Disease associated with a Novel Infectious Agent” refers to the cluster of viral pneumonia cases occurring in Wuhan, Hubei Province. According to investigation by the Mainland health authorities, a novel coronavirus is found to be the causative agent.   Clinical features According to information provided by the Mainland health authorities, symptoms of the cases include fever, malaise, dry cough and shortness of breath. Some cases were in serious condition. People of older age or having underlying disease are at a higher risk of deterioration into serious condition.   Mode of transmission and incubation period The main mode of transmission of novel coronavirus is through respiratory droplets, the virus can also be transmitted through contact. Current information suggests that the incubation period ranges from 1 to 12.5 days (with median estimates of 5 to 6 days), but can be as long as 14 days.   Management The main treatment is supportive.   Prevention There is no vaccine for this infectious disease at the moment.Health advice To prevent pneumonia and respiratory tract infection, members of the public should always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. They are advised to: Wear a surgical mask when taking public transport or staying in crowded places. It is important to wear a mask properly, including hand hygiene before wearing and after removing a mask; Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before touching one's mouth, nose or eyes; before eating; after using the toilet; after touching public installations such as handrails or door knobs; or when hands are contaminated by respiratory secretions after coughing or sneezing; Maintain drainage pipes properly and regularly (about once a week) pour about half a litre of water into each drain outlet (U-traps) to ensure environmental hygiene; After using the toilet, put the toilet lid down before flushing to avoid spreading germs; Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds. Then rinse with water and dry with a disposable paper towel. If hand washing facilities are not available, or when hands are not visibly soiled, performing hand hygiene with 70 to 80 % alcohol-based handrub is an effective alternative; Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when sneezing or coughing. Dispose of soiled tissues into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly; and When having respiratory symptoms, wear a surgical mask, refrain from work or attending class at school, avoid going to crowded places and seek medical advice promptly. Travel advice The public should take heed of the health advice below when travelling outside Hong Kong: Do not travel to Hubei Province where community transmission of novel coronavirus is occurring; Avoid close contact with persons with fever or respiratory symptoms in countries/areas with possible community transmission of novel coronavirus infection. If it is unavoidable to come into contact with them, put on a surgical mask and continue to do so until 14 days after returning to Hong Kong; Avoid visiting hospitals. If it is necessary to visit a hospital, put on a surgical mask and observe strict personal and hand hygiene; Avoid touching animals (including game), poultry/birds or their droppings; Avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or farms; Avoid making close contact with patients, especially those with symptoms of acute respiratory infections; Do not consume game meat and do not patronise food premises where game meat is served; Adhere to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat, or foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled; If feeling unwell when outside Hong Kong, especially if experiencing a fever or cough, wear a surgical mask, inform the hotel staff or tour escort and seek medical advice at once; and After returning to Hong Kong, consult a doctor promptly if experiencing a fever or other symptoms, take the initiative to inform the doctor of any recent travel history and any exposure to animals, and wear a surgical mask to help prevent spread of the disease.   * Source: Centre for Health Protection

2020.2.11
HH_健康資訊_19

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2019.11.5
HH_健康資訊_20

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2019.11.5
HH_健康資訊_21

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_22

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_23

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_24

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_25 Day Sleepiness and Serious Snoring Problems?

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2019.4.2
HH_健康資訊_26 Snoring and Sleep Apnea

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2018.12.31
HH_健康資訊_27 Travelers should beware of contagious disease

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_28 Prolonged fever in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_29 Asperger's Disorder

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_30 Scarlet Fever

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_31 Haematuria

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_32 Hib (PedvaxHIB Amp) Vaccine

Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) is mainly transmitted through direct contact with nose or throat secretion of an infected person. It is a kind of bacteria that can cause serious invasive diseases, which usually affects young children. Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) does not cause influenza or flu. In contrary, it commonly presents as meningitis (infection of membranes covering the brain), often accompanied by germ entering the bloodstream. It may also affect other parts of the body, such as the lungs, epiglottis (upper part of the throat), etc. Meningitis can lead to symptoms such as fever and nausea; while epiglottitis can cause symptoms such as drooling and difficulty in breathing. Therefore, it is suggested that infants should receive a total of 4 Hib vaccinations respectively at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 18 months after birth, so as to induce development of antibodies in the body and provide protection against bacterial infection.

2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_34 MMR Priorix Vaccine

Measles, Mumps and Rubella are infectious diseases that are transmitted by droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions of infected persons. Therefore, it is recommended all infants and children should receive MMR vaccine, to effectively prevent the above three infectious diseases. Some children may experience fever or skin rash 5 to 12 days after injection, but these symptoms will not persist for long. A minority of children may develop transient swelling of lymph glands, but the cases are very rare.

2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_35 De Quervain's disease

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_36 Plantar fasciitis

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_37 Upper Crossed Syndrome

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_38 Degenerative Joint Disease

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_39 Back Pain

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_40 5 In 1 Vaccine & 6 In 1 Vaccine

5 In 1 Vaccine & 6 In 1 Vaccine    5in1 Vaccine(DTaP-IPV/Hib) 6in1 Vaccine(DTaP-IPV-HBV-Hib) PreventableDiseases .Diphteria.Tetanus.Pertussis.Polio.Hib .Diphteria.Tetanus.Pertussis.Polio.Hib.Hepatitis B 2 kinds of mixed vaccines have adopted non-cellular formula. It can effectively prevent infants from being infected by Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Poliomyelitis and Haemophilus Influenzae. Type B (Hib). 6 in 1 is plus hepatitis B all rolled into 1 vaccine. Compare with the injection of traditional vaccines, these mixed vaccines can reduce total number of doses greatly and thereby help infants to alleviate with discomfort and pain related to vaccinations in order not to get parents worry.

2018.12.11
HH_健康資訊_43 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Pneumococcal infection Pneumococcal infection represents a wide range of diseases caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae / pneumococcus). More than 90 serotypes have been identified. It can be transmitted by droplet spread and contact with respiratory secretions; direct contact is another way of transmission. S.pneumoniae causes a wide spectrum of diseases, including: meningitis: it is a severe type of pneumococcal infection and usually presents with fever, stiff neck and mental confusion, causing long-term problems, such as hearing loss, or even death; pneumonia: it commonly presents with fever, shortness of breath, chills and productive cough, and may result in death in severe cases; and otitis media: it presents with fever, ear pain with or without ear discharge, and may lead to hearing loss in recurrent cases. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) A. Why get vaccinated? Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) can effectively protect against severe invasive infections due to the serotypes of S. pneumoniae contained in the vaccine. Children aged below 2 years are at risk to severe invasive pneumococcal infection (i.e. meningitis, bacteraemic pneumonia and septicaemia) and are advised to get vaccinated.  In Hong Kong, PCV13 (vaccine consisting of antigens against thirteen pneumococci serotypes) is included in the Hong Kong Childhood Immunisation Programme.  The Scientific Committee on Vaccine Preventable Diseases recommends individuals aged 2 to 64 years with certain high risk conditions* to receive 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharideas well as PCV 13.  For more details, please refer to the following link: *High risk conditions include: History of invasive pneumococcal disease Immunocompromised states: Asplenia, HIV /AIDS , primary immunodeficiency Immunodeficiencies related to malignancies and transplantation Immunodeficiencies related to use of immunosuppressive drugs / systemic steroid Chronic disease Chronic cardiac, pulmonary, liver or renal disease Diabetes mellitus or Cerebrospinal fluid leakage With cochlear implants (Essential hypertension per se is not considered as a high risk condition) Different factors such as age and clinical condition may affect the risk of pneumococcal disease. Patients with high-risk conditions should discuss with their attending doctors on the most appropriate vaccination regimen. B. When should my child get vaccinated? A child is advised to receive 3 doses of PCV13 in the first year of life (at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months old), and another booster dose at 12 months old. C. The following individuals should NOT receive PCV serious allergic reaction to previous dose of PCV serious allergic reaction to diphtheria toxoid containing vaccine D. What are the side effects? Most people have no serious reactions after receiving PCV.   Occasionally there may be mild fever (usually occur within 3 days after vaccination) or slight redness or swelling around the injection site, but these will gradually subside in a few days. If fever or discomforts persist, or abnormal breathing is observed, please consult a doctor immediately. E. How many types of PCV are available in HK and what are their protection? There are more than 1 type of PCV available in the market of Hong Kong but no one PCV can cover all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Personal and environmental hygiene are important measures in preventing pneumococcal infection.  

2018.12.5
HH_健康資訊_44 Hepatitis B Vaccination

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is another type of viral hepatitis that leads to acute hepatitis. It can be followed by chronic liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. It has an incubation period of 6 weeks to 6 months. About 5-10% of infected adults and 70-90% of infected infants are unable to clear the virus, therefore becoming chronic hepatitis B and serving as a source of infection to others. Epidemiology HBV infection occurs throughout the world. It is estimated that more than 2 billion people have been infected worldwide, of which more than 350 million have chronic liver infection. Hepatitis B is endemic in Southeast Asia. In Hong Kong, the overall prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is moderate. Transmission of Hepatitis B The hepatitis B virus is found in the body fluids of an infected person, mainly in the form of blood, amniotic fluid, semen and vaginal secretions. Routes of transmission: Perinatal transmissionA chronic hepatitis B mother usually transmits hepatitis B virus to an infant perinatally.The chance of perinatal transmission is more than 90%. In areas of high endemicity like Hong Kong and China, this is a major route of transmission. Blood contact Accidental contact with an infected person's blood or body fluids through skin cuts, abrasion, or mucosal membranes of the eyes and mouths. Sharing injection instruments for drug injection. Using contaminated instruments for ear-piercing, tattooing or acupuncture. Sharing personal items such as razors, shavers or nail trimmer which may have been contaminated with blood. Sexual contactUnprotected sexual contact with an infected person. Prevention of Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is one of the diseases that can be transmitted by blood and body fluids, therefore the precautions are the same as those against other blood-borne infections. Handle an open wound carefully; make sure it is properly bandaged. Disinfect items contaminated by blood or body fluid with household bleach. Use gloved hands to handle splashes of blood and body fluid and perform hand hygiene after cleansing.-For blood, cleanse the visible matter with disposable absorbent material soaked with 1 part of household bleach into 4 parts of water (1:4). After leaving for 10 minutes, rinse with water.-For blood-stained clothing, soaked with 1 part of household bleach into 49 parts of water (1:49) for 30 minutes then washed as casual.-For other body fluids, cleanse the visible matter with disposable absorbent material soaked with 1 part of household bleach into 49 parts of water (1:49). After leaving for 30 minutes, rinse with water. Do NOT share razors and toothbrushes or needles with other people. Be careful if you decide to undergo procedures like tattooing and mole removal. Make sure clean, disposable instruments are used. Limit the number of your sexual partners. Practice safer sex and use the condom properly. If your sexual partner is known to be a chronic hepatitis B, receive the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible. Prevention by Hepatitis B Vaccination The most effective method is through hepatitis B vaccination. The complete course of vaccination takes a total of three injections. The second injection is given 1 month after the first, and the third injection 5 months after the second. About 90 to 95% of people will gain life-long immunity to hepatitis B after a full course of vaccination. Preferably have blood tests before vaccinated. Only people who have never been exposed to hepatitis B should have vaccination. Who should receive vaccination against hepatitis B Vaccination against hepatitis B may be considered in the following groups of people: Newborns Household and sexual contacts of chronic hepatitis B Intravenous drug users People who receive blood or blood products on a regular basis People on dialysis Health care workers who might be in contact with blood or other body fluids. Medical treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Your doctor may perform tests such as liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein, blood level of virus, and ultrasonographic liver examination etc. These will guide clinical management, including the use of antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs are able to suppress HBV replication and thereby reduce virus-induced liver damage. Examples of first-line antivirals include entecavir and tenofovir. Consult your doctor for the appropriateness of these drugs. For people with CHB who require immunosuppressive therapy, such as high dose steroid or chemotherapy, your doctor will decide whether treatment is needed to protect your liver.     Source: https://www.info.gov.hk/hepatitis/english/hep_b_set.htm

2018.12.5
HH_健康資訊_45 Colonoscopy

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2018.9.12
HH_健康資訊_46 Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small RNA virus that causes liver damage. Like hepatitis B carriers, some hepatitis C carriers develop chronic hepatitis, liver scarring or liver cancer.• The incubation period is 6-9 weeks (ranges from 2 weeks to 6 months).• A majority of people infected with HCV do not have symptoms or signs. If symptoms and signs occur, they are indistinguishable from those of hepatitis A or hepatitis B virus infections. About 80% of acute infections do not clear the virus and chronic infections ensue.• To test for hepatitis C infection, HCV Ab and HCV RNA are used.• The risk of liver failure and liver-related death from HCV increases for those who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Epidemiology• Worldwide, HCV prevalence is directly related to the prevalence of persons who routinely share injection equipment and to the prevalence of contaminated parenteral practices in health care settings.• WHO estimates that 2-3% of world population is chronically infected with HCV.• It has been estimated that less than 0.5% of the general population in Hong Kong carry hepatitis C virus, but the infection rate is higher among injecting drug users.Transmission of Hepatitis CHepatitis C is spread in a similar way as hepatitis B, mainly through blood contact by:• sharing needles or 'works' when shooting drugs,• needlesticks injuries or sharps exposures on the job,• vertical transmission from an infected mother to her baby during labour.Less commonly, a person can get Hepatitis C infection via sexual contact. The risk increases among men who have sex with men, for those who have sexually transmitted infection, engage in rough sex, or are infected with HIV.PreventionThere is no vaccine available against hepatitis C. The following preventive measures should be taken to prevent hepatitis C:• Do not shoot drugs. If you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment programme. If you cannot stop, never share needles, syringes, water, or 'works'.• Do not share personal care items (e.g. razors, toothbrushes) that are potentially contaminated with blood.• HCV infected persons should not donate blood, organs, or tissue.• Health care worker should always follow routine barrier precautions and should handle needles and sharps safely.• Use latex condoms correctly and every time when you have sex.Medical Management• HCV positive persons should be evaluated by their doctor for liver disease.• Drugs, such as Interferon, Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin, can be used to treat the infection. Treatment should take into consideration of severity of disease, contraindications, and likelihood of successful response.Source: https://www.info.gov.hk/hepatitis/english/hep_c_set.htm

2018.7.30
HH_健康資訊_20220127_50 Sciatica

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2016.12.22
HH_健康資訊_51 Common misconceptions on scoliosis

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2016.12.2
HH_健康資訊_20220127_52 Cervicogenic headache

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2016.12.1
HH_健康資訊_20220127_53 How High Heels Affect your body

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2016.12.1
HH_健康資訊_54 Intraocular lens (IOL)- Lens Replacement After Cataracts

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2022.4.27
HH_健康資訊_14 Precautions before and after vaccination | COVID19

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2022.1.20
HH_健康資訊_13 How to treat corns? The most important thing is to do a good foot care!

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2021.2.19
HH_健康資訊_12 A sore throat may be a health warning from the body?

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2021.2.19
iStock-1207919718-web HPV DNA Genotyping Test

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2020.10.12
iStock-1220274561

Novel Coronavirus FAQs   *Availalbe in Chi Version Only

2020.7.15
boat-harbor-hong-kong-china-1_980x650_edit Travellers' Health Code

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2020.6.10
Father_Day_780x440 website Health Check for Fathers

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2020.6.10
780x440 Health Check for Mothers

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2020.5.7
HH_健康資訊_15 What is Occult Blood Test?

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2020.4.28
CH Coronavirus Test Result FAQs

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2020.4.9
HH_健康資訊_16 Testing for COVID-19

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2020.3.27
FB_Post_Cover_website 5 Tips for coronavirus prevention

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2020.3.13
HH_健康資訊_17 Novel Coronavirus Infection

Causative agent “Severe Respiratory Disease associated with a Novel Infectious Agent” refers to the cluster of viral pneumonia cases occurring in Wuhan, Hubei Province. According to investigation by the Mainland health authorities, a novel coronavirus is found to be the causative agent.   Clinical features According to information provided by the Mainland health authorities, symptoms of the cases include fever, malaise, dry cough and shortness of breath. Some cases were in serious condition. People of older age or having underlying disease are at a higher risk of deterioration into serious condition.   Mode of transmission and incubation period The main mode of transmission of novel coronavirus is through respiratory droplets, the virus can also be transmitted through contact. Current information suggests that the incubation period ranges from 1 to 12.5 days (with median estimates of 5 to 6 days), but can be as long as 14 days.   Management The main treatment is supportive.   Prevention There is no vaccine for this infectious disease at the moment.Health advice To prevent pneumonia and respiratory tract infection, members of the public should always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. They are advised to: Wear a surgical mask when taking public transport or staying in crowded places. It is important to wear a mask properly, including hand hygiene before wearing and after removing a mask; Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before touching one's mouth, nose or eyes; before eating; after using the toilet; after touching public installations such as handrails or door knobs; or when hands are contaminated by respiratory secretions after coughing or sneezing; Maintain drainage pipes properly and regularly (about once a week) pour about half a litre of water into each drain outlet (U-traps) to ensure environmental hygiene; After using the toilet, put the toilet lid down before flushing to avoid spreading germs; Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds. Then rinse with water and dry with a disposable paper towel. If hand washing facilities are not available, or when hands are not visibly soiled, performing hand hygiene with 70 to 80 % alcohol-based handrub is an effective alternative; Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when sneezing or coughing. Dispose of soiled tissues into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly; and When having respiratory symptoms, wear a surgical mask, refrain from work or attending class at school, avoid going to crowded places and seek medical advice promptly. Travel advice The public should take heed of the health advice below when travelling outside Hong Kong: Do not travel to Hubei Province where community transmission of novel coronavirus is occurring; Avoid close contact with persons with fever or respiratory symptoms in countries/areas with possible community transmission of novel coronavirus infection. If it is unavoidable to come into contact with them, put on a surgical mask and continue to do so until 14 days after returning to Hong Kong; Avoid visiting hospitals. If it is necessary to visit a hospital, put on a surgical mask and observe strict personal and hand hygiene; Avoid touching animals (including game), poultry/birds or their droppings; Avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or farms; Avoid making close contact with patients, especially those with symptoms of acute respiratory infections; Do not consume game meat and do not patronise food premises where game meat is served; Adhere to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat, or foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled; If feeling unwell when outside Hong Kong, especially if experiencing a fever or cough, wear a surgical mask, inform the hotel staff or tour escort and seek medical advice at once; and After returning to Hong Kong, consult a doctor promptly if experiencing a fever or other symptoms, take the initiative to inform the doctor of any recent travel history and any exposure to animals, and wear a surgical mask to help prevent spread of the disease.   * Source: Centre for Health Protection

2020.2.11
HH_健康資訊_19

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2019.11.5
HH_健康資訊_20

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2019.11.5
HH_健康資訊_21

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_22

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_23

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_24

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2019.8.2
HH_健康資訊_25 Day Sleepiness and Serious Snoring Problems?

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2019.4.2
HH_健康資訊_26 Snoring and Sleep Apnea

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2018.12.31
HH_健康資訊_27 Travelers should beware of contagious disease

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_28 Prolonged fever in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_29 Asperger's Disorder

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_30 Scarlet Fever

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_31 Haematuria

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_32 Hib (PedvaxHIB Amp) Vaccine

Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) is mainly transmitted through direct contact with nose or throat secretion of an infected person. It is a kind of bacteria that can cause serious invasive diseases, which usually affects young children. Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) does not cause influenza or flu. In contrary, it commonly presents as meningitis (infection of membranes covering the brain), often accompanied by germ entering the bloodstream. It may also affect other parts of the body, such as the lungs, epiglottis (upper part of the throat), etc. Meningitis can lead to symptoms such as fever and nausea; while epiglottitis can cause symptoms such as drooling and difficulty in breathing. Therefore, it is suggested that infants should receive a total of 4 Hib vaccinations respectively at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 18 months after birth, so as to induce development of antibodies in the body and provide protection against bacterial infection.

2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_34 MMR Priorix Vaccine

Measles, Mumps and Rubella are infectious diseases that are transmitted by droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions of infected persons. Therefore, it is recommended all infants and children should receive MMR vaccine, to effectively prevent the above three infectious diseases. Some children may experience fever or skin rash 5 to 12 days after injection, but these symptoms will not persist for long. A minority of children may develop transient swelling of lymph glands, but the cases are very rare.

2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_35 De Quervain's disease

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_36 Plantar fasciitis

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_37 Upper Crossed Syndrome

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_38 Degenerative Joint Disease

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_39 Back Pain

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2018.12.21
HH_健康資訊_40 5 In 1 Vaccine & 6 In 1 Vaccine

5 In 1 Vaccine & 6 In 1 Vaccine    5in1 Vaccine(DTaP-IPV/Hib) 6in1 Vaccine(DTaP-IPV-HBV-Hib) PreventableDiseases .Diphteria.Tetanus.Pertussis.Polio.Hib .Diphteria.Tetanus.Pertussis.Polio.Hib.Hepatitis B 2 kinds of mixed vaccines have adopted non-cellular formula. It can effectively prevent infants from being infected by Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Poliomyelitis and Haemophilus Influenzae. Type B (Hib). 6 in 1 is plus hepatitis B all rolled into 1 vaccine. Compare with the injection of traditional vaccines, these mixed vaccines can reduce total number of doses greatly and thereby help infants to alleviate with discomfort and pain related to vaccinations in order not to get parents worry.

2018.12.11
HH_健康資訊_43 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Pneumococcal infection Pneumococcal infection represents a wide range of diseases caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae / pneumococcus). More than 90 serotypes have been identified. It can be transmitted by droplet spread and contact with respiratory secretions; direct contact is another way of transmission. S.pneumoniae causes a wide spectrum of diseases, including: meningitis: it is a severe type of pneumococcal infection and usually presents with fever, stiff neck and mental confusion, causing long-term problems, such as hearing loss, or even death; pneumonia: it commonly presents with fever, shortness of breath, chills and productive cough, and may result in death in severe cases; and otitis media: it presents with fever, ear pain with or without ear discharge, and may lead to hearing loss in recurrent cases. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) A. Why get vaccinated? Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) can effectively protect against severe invasive infections due to the serotypes of S. pneumoniae contained in the vaccine. Children aged below 2 years are at risk to severe invasive pneumococcal infection (i.e. meningitis, bacteraemic pneumonia and septicaemia) and are advised to get vaccinated.  In Hong Kong, PCV13 (vaccine consisting of antigens against thirteen pneumococci serotypes) is included in the Hong Kong Childhood Immunisation Programme.  The Scientific Committee on Vaccine Preventable Diseases recommends individuals aged 2 to 64 years with certain high risk conditions* to receive 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharideas well as PCV 13.  For more details, please refer to the following link: *High risk conditions include: History of invasive pneumococcal disease Immunocompromised states: Asplenia, HIV /AIDS , primary immunodeficiency Immunodeficiencies related to malignancies and transplantation Immunodeficiencies related to use of immunosuppressive drugs / systemic steroid Chronic disease Chronic cardiac, pulmonary, liver or renal disease Diabetes mellitus or Cerebrospinal fluid leakage With cochlear implants (Essential hypertension per se is not considered as a high risk condition) Different factors such as age and clinical condition may affect the risk of pneumococcal disease. Patients with high-risk conditions should discuss with their attending doctors on the most appropriate vaccination regimen. B. When should my child get vaccinated? A child is advised to receive 3 doses of PCV13 in the first year of life (at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months old), and another booster dose at 12 months old. C. The following individuals should NOT receive PCV serious allergic reaction to previous dose of PCV serious allergic reaction to diphtheria toxoid containing vaccine D. What are the side effects? Most people have no serious reactions after receiving PCV.   Occasionally there may be mild fever (usually occur within 3 days after vaccination) or slight redness or swelling around the injection site, but these will gradually subside in a few days. If fever or discomforts persist, or abnormal breathing is observed, please consult a doctor immediately. E. How many types of PCV are available in HK and what are their protection? There are more than 1 type of PCV available in the market of Hong Kong but no one PCV can cover all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Personal and environmental hygiene are important measures in preventing pneumococcal infection.  

2018.12.5
HH_健康資訊_44 Hepatitis B Vaccination

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is another type of viral hepatitis that leads to acute hepatitis. It can be followed by chronic liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. It has an incubation period of 6 weeks to 6 months. About 5-10% of infected adults and 70-90% of infected infants are unable to clear the virus, therefore becoming chronic hepatitis B and serving as a source of infection to others. Epidemiology HBV infection occurs throughout the world. It is estimated that more than 2 billion people have been infected worldwide, of which more than 350 million have chronic liver infection. Hepatitis B is endemic in Southeast Asia. In Hong Kong, the overall prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is moderate. Transmission of Hepatitis B The hepatitis B virus is found in the body fluids of an infected person, mainly in the form of blood, amniotic fluid, semen and vaginal secretions. Routes of transmission: Perinatal transmissionA chronic hepatitis B mother usually transmits hepatitis B virus to an infant perinatally.The chance of perinatal transmission is more than 90%. In areas of high endemicity like Hong Kong and China, this is a major route of transmission. Blood contact Accidental contact with an infected person's blood or body fluids through skin cuts, abrasion, or mucosal membranes of the eyes and mouths. Sharing injection instruments for drug injection. Using contaminated instruments for ear-piercing, tattooing or acupuncture. Sharing personal items such as razors, shavers or nail trimmer which may have been contaminated with blood. Sexual contactUnprotected sexual contact with an infected person. Prevention of Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is one of the diseases that can be transmitted by blood and body fluids, therefore the precautions are the same as those against other blood-borne infections. Handle an open wound carefully; make sure it is properly bandaged. Disinfect items contaminated by blood or body fluid with household bleach. Use gloved hands to handle splashes of blood and body fluid and perform hand hygiene after cleansing.-For blood, cleanse the visible matter with disposable absorbent material soaked with 1 part of household bleach into 4 parts of water (1:4). After leaving for 10 minutes, rinse with water.-For blood-stained clothing, soaked with 1 part of household bleach into 49 parts of water (1:49) for 30 minutes then washed as casual.-For other body fluids, cleanse the visible matter with disposable absorbent material soaked with 1 part of household bleach into 49 parts of water (1:49). After leaving for 30 minutes, rinse with water. Do NOT share razors and toothbrushes or needles with other people. Be careful if you decide to undergo procedures like tattooing and mole removal. Make sure clean, disposable instruments are used. Limit the number of your sexual partners. Practice safer sex and use the condom properly. If your sexual partner is known to be a chronic hepatitis B, receive the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible. Prevention by Hepatitis B Vaccination The most effective method is through hepatitis B vaccination. The complete course of vaccination takes a total of three injections. The second injection is given 1 month after the first, and the third injection 5 months after the second. About 90 to 95% of people will gain life-long immunity to hepatitis B after a full course of vaccination. Preferably have blood tests before vaccinated. Only people who have never been exposed to hepatitis B should have vaccination. Who should receive vaccination against hepatitis B Vaccination against hepatitis B may be considered in the following groups of people: Newborns Household and sexual contacts of chronic hepatitis B Intravenous drug users People who receive blood or blood products on a regular basis People on dialysis Health care workers who might be in contact with blood or other body fluids. Medical treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Your doctor may perform tests such as liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein, blood level of virus, and ultrasonographic liver examination etc. These will guide clinical management, including the use of antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs are able to suppress HBV replication and thereby reduce virus-induced liver damage. Examples of first-line antivirals include entecavir and tenofovir. Consult your doctor for the appropriateness of these drugs. For people with CHB who require immunosuppressive therapy, such as high dose steroid or chemotherapy, your doctor will decide whether treatment is needed to protect your liver.     Source: https://www.info.gov.hk/hepatitis/english/hep_b_set.htm

2018.12.5
HH_健康資訊_45 Colonoscopy

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2018.9.12
HH_健康資訊_46 Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small RNA virus that causes liver damage. Like hepatitis B carriers, some hepatitis C carriers develop chronic hepatitis, liver scarring or liver cancer.• The incubation period is 6-9 weeks (ranges from 2 weeks to 6 months).• A majority of people infected with HCV do not have symptoms or signs. If symptoms and signs occur, they are indistinguishable from those of hepatitis A or hepatitis B virus infections. About 80% of acute infections do not clear the virus and chronic infections ensue.• To test for hepatitis C infection, HCV Ab and HCV RNA are used.• The risk of liver failure and liver-related death from HCV increases for those who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Epidemiology• Worldwide, HCV prevalence is directly related to the prevalence of persons who routinely share injection equipment and to the prevalence of contaminated parenteral practices in health care settings.• WHO estimates that 2-3% of world population is chronically infected with HCV.• It has been estimated that less than 0.5% of the general population in Hong Kong carry hepatitis C virus, but the infection rate is higher among injecting drug users.Transmission of Hepatitis CHepatitis C is spread in a similar way as hepatitis B, mainly through blood contact by:• sharing needles or 'works' when shooting drugs,• needlesticks injuries or sharps exposures on the job,• vertical transmission from an infected mother to her baby during labour.Less commonly, a person can get Hepatitis C infection via sexual contact. The risk increases among men who have sex with men, for those who have sexually transmitted infection, engage in rough sex, or are infected with HIV.PreventionThere is no vaccine available against hepatitis C. The following preventive measures should be taken to prevent hepatitis C:• Do not shoot drugs. If you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment programme. If you cannot stop, never share needles, syringes, water, or 'works'.• Do not share personal care items (e.g. razors, toothbrushes) that are potentially contaminated with blood.• HCV infected persons should not donate blood, organs, or tissue.• Health care worker should always follow routine barrier precautions and should handle needles and sharps safely.• Use latex condoms correctly and every time when you have sex.Medical Management• HCV positive persons should be evaluated by their doctor for liver disease.• Drugs, such as Interferon, Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin, can be used to treat the infection. Treatment should take into consideration of severity of disease, contraindications, and likelihood of successful response.Source: https://www.info.gov.hk/hepatitis/english/hep_c_set.htm

2018.7.30
HH_健康資訊_20220127_50 Sciatica

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2016.12.2
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2016.12.1
HH_健康資訊_20220127_53 How High Heels Affect your body

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2016.12.1
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About Us

Human Health has been providing healthcare services to the Hong Kong community since 1997. Listed in Hong Kong (HKEX Stock Code: 1419), we operate almost 60 medical centres, with more than 200 doctors and dentists and more than 800 healthcare staffs. With the motto "From our heart. For your health", we strive to provide one-stop medical services for public convenience including General Practices, Specialty Services, Dental Services, Chinese Medicine, Physiotherapy, Diagnostics & Imaging. We have also operated numerous Community Testing Centres, Community Vaccination Centres, Medical outreach services. Through our network of medical centres in Hong Kong, we have established a good relationship with almost 3 million of clients.

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